Novas perspectivas farmacológicas para o tratamento da Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática

Uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of the chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonias. It courses with a slow progression associated with a clinical functional deterioration, resulting in chronic respiratory failure. It is predominantly seen in male patients, over 50 years of age. The aim of this study is to perform an integrative literature review on the pharmacological updates used for the treatment of this pathology. Method: The search strategy comprises the electronic databases Pubmed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. The specific descriptors used were Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, treatments and symptom exacerbations. The search consisted of articles presented in full, written in English, Spanish or Portuguese, published from 2012 to 2020, totaling 226 titles. Results: After applying the inclusion criteria, which showed an updated therapy associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, and, exclusion criteria, which showed no causal relationship with the theme, 15 articles were chosen. Discussion: IPF has a variable and unpredictable pathological history from the moment of diagnosis. The triggering pathophysiology is controversial, grouping repeated lesions in the alveolar epithelium, fibrosis and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Pharmacological treatment for IPF should consider the stage of the disease, prognostic factors, and associated comorbidities. In 2015, there was an update in therapy, proving the antifibrotic drugs, Pirfenidone and Nintedanib, as slowers the progression of the fibrotic condition and reducers of mortality from the disease. Conclusion: These drugs are safe and effective, promoting a decrease in the decrease in forced vital capacity and improving quality of life. The prescription of new drugs, when started early, has a beneficial action in slowing the progression of IPF.