Hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents in Brazil: an epidemiological analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53843/bms.v10i14.973Keywords:
Adolescent, Child, Epidemiology, Mental health, Mental disordersAbstract
Introduction: The periods of childhood and adolescence are crucial phases to the formation of individuals as they represent their initial contact with life in society and identity formation. As a result, they are more vulnerable to mental health issues. This article aims to analyze the hospital admissions for mental and behavioral disorders from 2018 to 2022 in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methodology: Ecological, observational epidemiological study, with a quantitative approach and temporal trend analysis with data obtained from the Hospital and Mortality Information Systems made available by the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System. The variables used were region, year of hospital admission, sex, age group and race/color. Mental and behavioral disorders were separated according to Chapter V of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 94,921 hospitalizations of children and adolescents due to mental and behavioral disorders in the period analyzed. The South and Southeast regions accounted for 72% of the hospitalizations. Hospitalizations due to mood disorders (28.39%), use of psychoactive substances (24.03%) and schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (22.07%) were the most frequent. 51.79% of cases were male. The age group of 15 to 19 years corresponded to 76.92% of hospitalizations. White race/color represented 42.77% of records. Discussion: From 2018 to 2022, there was a significant increase in hospitalizations of children and adolescents due to mental and behavioral disorders. This situation cannot be explained by a single factor, but it is important to consider the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, family conflicts, drug use by parents, and the lack of family supervision as possible elements related to the worsening or decompensation of these disorders. Conclusion: The epidemiological aspects related to psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents must be assessed to improve prevention and control measures.
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