O uso da interface cérebro-máquina na reabilitação de idosos que sofreram acidente vascular encefálico: uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53843/rh81v621Palavras-chave:
Interface Cérebro-Máquina, Reabilitação, Idosos, Acidente Vascular Encefálico, Aplicação terapêuticaResumo
Introdução: a Interface Cérebro-Máquina (ICM) consiste em uma tecnologia emergente que permite a comunicação direta entre o cérebro e dispositivos externos, interpretando sinais neurais e os convertendo em comandos para executar movimentos, oferecendo novas possibilidades para a reabilitação de pacientes, especialmente idosos, que sofreram Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). O AVE caracteriza-se pela interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, podendo ser classificado em dois tipos principais: isquêmico e hemorrágico. Ambos resultam em danos neurológicos significativos e, muitas vezes, em sequelas motoras permanentes que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos sobreviventes, sendo uma das principais causas de morte e incapacidade entre idosos em todo o mundo. Entretanto, a eficiência da ICM não está totalmente esclarecida na literatura. Desse modo, elaborou-se uma revisão de escopo visando mapear e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do uso da ICM na reabilitação de idosos que sofreram AVE. Métodos: seguiu-se o protocolo PRISMA-ScR, e a condução desse estudo procedeu-se em 5 etapas: 1- elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa de acordo com o método População, Contexto, Conceito- PCC; 2- seleção das bases de dados e definição dos termos e estratégias de busca; 3- exportação dos estudos ao gerenciador Rayyan, estabelecendo-se critérios de elegibilidade; 4- seleção dos artigos por dois revisores blindados/ independentes; 5- elaboração da planilha com as evidências encontradas. Resultados: incluíram-se nesta revisão 34 estudos que analisaram o uso da ICM na reabilitação de idosos pós AVE. Mais de 70% dos participantes tiveram melhorias significativas na função motora. Discussão: com base nos resultados, a ICM mostra-se como uma alternativa na reabilitação de pacientes geriátricos pós AVE, mas existem lacunas nos estudos analisados que dificultam tirar conclusões definitivas. Conclusão: a utilização da ICM mostrou-se útil para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Porém, a elaboração de novos estudos se faz necessária para elucidar esse tema.
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