ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN HIV PATIENTS: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Giovana Luiza Corrêa; Carolina Dusi Mendes; Samya Hamad Mehanna; Danielle Bruginski

doi:10.53843/a5dqbp93

Autores/as

Giovana Luiza Corrêa Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe
Carolina Dusi Mendes Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe
Samya Hamad Mehanna Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe
Danielle Bruginski Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53843/a5dqbp93

Palabras clave:

Human immunodeficiency virus, Incidence, Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Risk factors

Resumen

INTRODUÇÃO: As pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) possuem maior incidência de osteopenia, osteoporose e fraturas por fragilidade. A causa é provavelmente multifatorial e inclui interação entre fatores relacionados à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e às terapias antirretrovirais (TARV), além dos fatores de risco tradicionais e comportamentais. Esta revisão integrativa de literatura tem o objetivo de identificar e analisar os fatores de risco relacionados à perda óssea nas PVHIV. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizadas publicações dos últimos cinco anos nas bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com amostra final de 26 artigos. RESULTADO: A TARV leva ao aumento da perda óssea principalmente nos dois primeiros anos após o início do tratamento. O tenofovir e a duração de seu uso foram os mais relacionados à perda de densidade mineral óssea (DMO), seguidos dos inibidores de protease como atazanavir, lopinavir e darunavir. Outros fatores de risco associados à baixa DMO foram: índice de massa corporal baixo; menor massa corporal magra e gorda; síndrome metabólica; inatividade física e atividade física de baixa intensidade; coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite C; uso de drogas; tabagismo; uso de álcool; idade avançada; sexo feminino; hipovitaminose D, hiperparatireoidismo secundário à hipovitaminose D; hipogonadismo e fraturas por fragilidade. A contagem de células TCD4+, carga viral, uso de corticosteroides e baixo consumo de cálcio e produtos lácteos não tiveram correlações significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação e análise dos fatores de risco para baixa DMO pode facilitar uma melhor abordagem para intervenções clínicas e preventivas de PVHIV.

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