Arritmias cardíacas no contexto de pacientes com COVID-19, uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53843/bms.v8i11.394Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, Cardiopatia, MiocarditeAbstract
INTRODUCTION: With the evolution of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was possible to evaluate the importance of extrapulmonary involvement, such as cardiovascular complications. Concomitantly, the literature has been associating the virus with the emergence or worsening of cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, this article aims to verify if there is an association between COVID-19, cardiac arrhythmias, and viral myocarditis, besides reviewing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, cardiovascular signs and symptoms, and the treatments used. METHODOLOGY: This is a narrative review study conducted in EMBASE and PubMed. The PICO protocol was used to answer the following question: "Is there an association between COVID-19, cardiac arrhythmias, and viral myocarditis?" The descriptor used for the population was "coronavirus disease 2019"; with the following results: "heart arrythimia" and "virus myocarditis". Studies were considered suitable for review if: 1) they were related to COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus; 2) they addressed cardiovascular involvement; and 3) they had at least one session on heart rhythm disturbances. They were considered inadequate if: 1) Were case reports; 2) Were letters to the editor; or 3) Were incomplete. RESULTS: The descriptor search resulted in 67 articles and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 9 articles published between the dates of January 2020 and May 2022 composed the analysis sample. DISCUSSION: The pathophysiology of arrhythmia secondary to COVID-19 involves infiltration of SARS-CoV-2 into the heart and fibrosis of cardiac tissue due to excess interleukin-6. Diagnosis is made using ECG and troponin quantification. The most prevalent symptomatology in hospitalized patients was febrile relative bradyarrhythmia. The therapy involves the use of antiviral, anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive drugs. CONCLUSION: It was possible to verify that infection by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has an impact on arrhythmias pre-existing to the infection and in new cases.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Aline Graciele Henriques Campos, Ana Carolina Aredes Goulart, Milena Burati Porto, Lucas Gabriel Posoli Alves, Lucca Marçal Machado Homem, Ivis Machado Costa
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