O Uso da Música como Tratamento Adjuvante para Doenças Mentais: uma Revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53843/bms.v5i8.115Palavras-chave:
Musicoterapia, Transtornos mentais, Reabilitação psiquiátrica, Saúde mentalResumo
Introdução: O emprego da musicoterapia (MT) como tratamento adjuvante para diferentes tipos de doenças se mostra promissor e válido, dado os benefícios emocionais e cognitivos que a exposição a ela, ativa ou passivamente, proporciona. Esta revisão de literatura objetiva elucidar os benefícios da MT como complemento ao tratamento tradicional para transtornos mentais, bem como a melhor propedêutica e possíveis malefícios. Métodos: Este artigo é uma revisão integrativa da literatura, feita a partir da busca de artigos completos em português ou inglês nas bases de dados da MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS usando Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: Os 19 trabalhos selecionados são originados de 11 países. Muitos são estudos clínicos controlados advindos dos Estados Unidos. Eles ilustram diversos benefícios do uso da MT em distúrbios mentais como depressão, ansiedade, transtorno do pânico, síndrome do estresse pós-traumático, transtornos alimentares e esquizofrenia, através da melhora no controle emocional, na capacidade cognitiva, relações interpessoais e qualidade de vida. Discussão: A MT mostra fortes resultados positivos no tratamento de desordens mentais presentes em pessoas de diferentes idades. Ela proporciona alívio emocional, redução do estresse e da depressão, melhora nas funções cognitivas e no relacionamento interpessoal. Além disso, é uma terapia factível, com diferentes apresentações clínicas, mas que não substitui o tratamento farmacológico e psicoterapia. Poucos artigos também encontraram malefícios, quando a MT foi associada a drogas psicoativas, gerando sentimentos inversos aos desejados para a superação do transtorno, ou quando a MT foi utilizada junto a vídeos musicais para transtornos alimentares. Conclusão: A MT é uma excelente terapia adjuvante para tratamento de transtornos mentais de diferentes aspectos clínicos. Experimentos com número amostral maior são necessários para elucidação da técnica e método mais eficaz para cada distúrbio, considerando a individualidade e importância inegável da farmacoterapia e psicoterapia.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Keller Soares Ávila, Lara Santos Rocha, Alexandre de Rezende Pinto
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